empires
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- France independent since mid-9th cen., though boundaries have changed often
- Austria 1919
- China first unified 350 BC-CE 220; as independent of European colonial influence, from early 20th century
- Ethiopia independent from Italy since 1941
- Iran as founded by Safawids, since 1502
- Japan first unified in 5th cen.; with expanded borders, 1910-1945
- Roman Empire
- Byzantine Empire
- Khazar Empire
- Mongol Empire
- Assyria
- Grand Empire
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14