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1092
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Construction begins on Parma Cathedral.
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1178
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Parma Cathedral is given a stone vault and a west portal. The latter is the work of Benedetto Antelami and his workshop.
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1196
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Benedetto Antelami begins construction and decoration of Parma Baptistery
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1216
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Parma Baptistery is consecrated with only the main level completed.
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1220
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The upper levels of the Parma Baptistery are completed by Campionese masters (from the Campione d'Italia region).
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1260
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The cupola of Parma Baptistery is richly painted in the Byzantine style.
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1335
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Previously a republic, Parma begins to be governed by a succession of ducal families.
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1531
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Parma becomes a papal dominion.
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1545
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Pope Paul III gives Parma and Piacenza to his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese, who is made a duke. The Farnese and their heirs will hold the duchy of Parma until 1801.
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1815
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The Congress of Vienna gives Parma to the former empress Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon.
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1859
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The daughter-in-law of Marie Louise is forced to hand over Parma to the king of Italy.
