Bristol Cathedral Bristol, England

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BRISTOL

ST5872NW COLLEGE GREEN 901-1/15/62 (South side) 08/01/59 Cathedral Church of St Augustine, including Chapter House and cloisters (Formerly Listed as: COLLEGE GREEN (South side) Cathedral Church of St Augustine, Chapter House .... Cloisters & Old Deanery)

GV I

Augustinian abbey, given cathedral rank by Henry VIII in 1542. St Augustine's Abbey was founded by Robert Fitzhardinge in 1140; Chapter House c1160 under Fitzhardinge, and parts of the cloister. Elder Lady Chapel 1220 under Abbot David; Berkeley Chapel 1300, Eastern Lady Chapel and chancel 1300-1330 under Abbot Knowle; Newton Chapel 1330-1340; crossing tower c1470-1515; N transept has Norman lower walls and was completed 1460-1480, S transept remodelled early C14; late C15 E walk of cloister, nave and W towers 1868-1877 by GE Street, the towers completed by JL Pearson in 1888. Medieval work of Dundry and Felton limestone ashlar, rubble with ashlar dressings on the Elder Lady Chapel and transept, Bath ashlar limestone the rest. PLAN: 2-bay Elder Lady Chapel to the N of 5-bay aisled chancel and presbytery, and a 2-bay Eastern Lady Chapel; one-bay sacristy and 2-bay Berkeley Chapel to the S, transepts project one bay and aisled nave of 6 bays; Chapter House S of the transept, the cloisters to S of the nave. Late Norman style Chapter House, Early English style Elder Lady Chapel, Decorated style chancel and Eastern Lady Chapel, and Middle Pointed Gothic Revival-style nave and W towers. EXTERIOR: deep buttresses with finials to weathered tops; crenellated parapets with crocketed pinnacles. Angle buttresses with keeled shafts swallowed by head stops flank a 9-light E window of Lady Chapel with reticulated tracery, beneath a 3-light mullion window with a label mould running into a string course, a central niche to parapet above and drip mould. The 2-bay Lady Chapel has transomed 4-light and 3-light windows to N and S, the N aisle of 5 bays has transomed 4-light windows, all with 2 alternating patterns of reticulated tracery. The single-storey Elder Lady Chapel is of 4 bays with 3 stepped lancet windows to each bay, and a c1275 Decorated E window of 5 lights; buttresses with gargoyles and tall diagonally-set pinnacles between a parapet of pierced trefoils, and a large square clasping buttress at the E end with a tall octagonal pinnacle. The N transept has a 6-light E window with rectilinear tracery, and a W window and door and a Geometrical 6-light N window by Street with a 3-light mullion window above covered by a clock, and a gabled, crenellated parapet with square, crenellated turrets. 2-stage crossing tower with a NE stair turret, angle buttresses to the lower stage and diagonal ones to the belfry; 5 transomed 2-light Perpendicular windows to each stage, louvred to the centre of the belfry, separated by thin buttresses with finials; weathering above, a blind arcade and a crenellated parapet with corner pinnacles. The 5-bay nave has 4-light transomed windows with Geometrical tracery, separated by deep buttresses with pinnacles linked to those on the parpet by flying buttresses; above is a course of weathering and a parapet of pierced trefoils. An ornate N porch with an arch of 3 orders below a statuary panel of the Adoration, with 2-light transom lancets to each side and above; set-back buttresses with round, weathered tops, and attached shafts to canopied niches with statues. Inside, the porch has 2 bays, each with a bench and 2 niches styled after the Elder Lady Chapel, Purbeck marble shafts and trefoil tympana, joined by hoods with foliate stops; Purbeck marble shafts beneath a sexpartite vault, and lancet windows with quatrefoil heads in the N bay; the entrance arch is 3 orders with Purbeck marble shafts and a rose window in the tympanum, running foliage to the lintel and a 2-leaf door with strap hinges. The Berkeley Chapel has 3-light windows to the E, a 4-light S window and a rounded triangular window with 3 trefoil openings to