citadels
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Damascus Citadel
Damascus, Syria
The citadel of Damascus, smaller than the one in Aleppo, dates mainly from the Ayyubid and Mameluke periods, when Sultan al Adil used it to defend Damascus against the Crusaders and Mongols in the 13th century.
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Aleppo Citadel
Aleppo, Syria
Aleppo's Citadel is an enormous fortress, considered the oldest and best in Syria. The current structure dates from around the 13th century, when it was used by Saladin's son, and it contains two mosques.
