Stitched Panorama of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia. This mosque, also called the Mosque of Uqba, was founded in 670 AD by the Arab general Uqba ibn Nafi; it dates, in its present form, from the 9th century. Besides the fact of being the oldest place of worship in the Muslim West, the Great Mosque of Kairouan represents a remarkable example of Islamic architecture. The mosque is spread over a surface area of 9,000 square metres.